You may not yet know it, but one of the fastest-growing movements among believers in the last thirty years is the many classical Christian Schools that have been springing up all over America and indeed all over the world. The Association of Classical Christian Schools () now has hundreds of member schools, and its conferences attract thousands of attendees and internationally known speakers.
The movement back to Classical, Christian education began with the work of Doug Wilson and the founding of The Logos School in Moscow, Idaho, in 1981. Wilson’s 1991 book Recovering the Lost Tools of Learning 1991, (in part a response to Dorothy Sayer’s classic 1947 Oxford lecture ‘The Lost Tools of Learning’), continued to fuel the fire. But how does one school in the pastoral Idaho countryside lead to hundreds of similar institutions in just a few decades? And how do these schools produce so many graduates who score at the top of standardized testing and who go on to win major scholarships at the finest colleges and universities?
The boards, leadership, and faculty are believers committed to God’s Word. Scripture is the final authority and ultimate interpretive grid in all academic subjects. However, classical Christian schools do not take the ‘monastic approach’ to educating K-12 students, functioning merely as shelters from secular public schools. Teachers lead their students through a very deep and broad academic curriculum and challenge them to think biblically through all intellectual, cultural, and scientific content.
³are they called ‘classical’ schools, though? Do they offer Latin courses and hang a nice print of Raphael’s School of Athens on the walls of classrooms?
Yes, classical schools teach Latin (and often Greek), but they go beyond mere slavish imitation of ancient culture. Truly classical education uses a dialectical approach to teaching, frequently called the socratic method, which involves leading students through a world of ideas by question and answer and dialogue instead of simply lecturing to deliver content which is later regurgitated for a test. Learning is a process of growth and exploration, not information-dumping. But these standards of great content and demanding pedagogy are not random or subjective—they are standards because they have been shown over generations to be worthy of attention to those who will learn what it means to be human.
This is the age-old question the Church Father Tertullian posed: “What has Athens to say to Jerusalem?” John Calvin and the other Reformers answered the question, all classically educated themselves, and deployed that learning in service of the Church. God’s common grace sheds wisdom, knowledge, and goodness among all men, not just believers. Christians can gain specific knowledge (though not perfect theological knowledge) from pagans. Thus, the pagans can be read for some profit, but they must be read discerningly with Scripture as the final arbiter of meaning and value. Hebrews 5: 12-14 speaks to the absolute centrality of discernment in all of learning and life. Calvin and Luther constantly cite Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, and even their theological opponents in the sixteenth century, agreeing with them when they are right and critiquing them when they err. Furthermore we should consider the examples of Moses, who was well-learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians (Acts 7:22), Joseph and Daniel who became powerful leaders in their pagan cultures, and Paul, who could cite pagan poets at will (Acts 17:22-31) to prove a theological point and demonstrate God’s sovereignty over all things—including pagan art itself.
But this doesn’t come naturally. Naturally, people are pagans and rebels against God and His Truth. They must be converted and then educated in His ways. Education is, in fact, a profoundly biblical concept: the Latin educere means ‘to lead out from.’ Lead out from what? From our natural state of ignorance into a state of knowledge, understanding, and wisdom.
The modern American educational system has become, since the middle of the twentieth century, a deeply secularized, politically leftist, intensely atheistic factory for producing non-thinking, obedient citizen-workers. All you have to do to see this is read educational theory texts from that period, or you can save the effort and look at what we now produce in America. Philosophy, aesthetics, and a deep understanding of history, theology, and human nature are all avoided. The realities of the human past, the power of aesthetic experience, and Western culture, and especially Christianity, are minimized, caricatured, attacked, and even erased. British and American Pragmatist philosophy, secular progressive atheism, and social engineering behaviorism have replaced an ancient system of education that produced many of the greatest minds of human history and some of our most tremendous advances in culture, technology, science, and medicine. Questions about Values and Character are trivialized and made to be subjective, mutable, and entirely personalized. The highest goals became the mutually incompatible ideals of personal satisfaction and pleasure alongside social conformity for the greater good. This led one of the best public education systems in the world to decay into what we now see.
These schools teach the great works of Western culture (and, indeed, critiques them when necessary) and all academic subjects within the framework of the oversight of a good God who sovereignly rules over all things.
The seven Classical Liberal Arts are grounded in the Trivium (Grammar, Logic, and Rhetoric) and the Quadrivum (Mathematics, Geometry, Music, and Astronomy). There have been varying formulations over the centuries of these disciplines. Still, the basic idea is a foundational grounding in language followed by the development of abstract thought through studying the quantitative arts. This leads eventually to the highest disciplines: Philosophy, “the handmaiden of theology,” and finally Theology itself, the “Queen of the Sciences.” Learning in this fashion was based upon close readings of important texts and intensive discussion of the ideas produced by history’s great thinkers.
Consider the evidence: this is the system that produced Aquinas and Dante, Shakespeare and the great geniuses of the Renaissance, the leaders of the Reformation—Luther, Calvin, Melanchthon, Knox, the great scientists and philosophers of the Enlightenment, and the 18th-century thinkers who designed the American Republic. This form of education was still in place through the 19th century: just look at the entrance requirements of any college of that time, or its curriculum. But in Europe and America, the post-WWII educational theorists began replacing the tried and true with something ‘new’ and ‘progressive. ’ We can see where that has led us. Classical Christian education is thus very conservative while not being slavishly so because Scripture critiques everything.
However, one real difficulty in this revival of education, which is classical and Christian, is finding qualified faculty. Very few people in the current generation got such an education themselves. As a result, these schools must constantly retrain newly hired faculty. The movement now has national and regional conferences bringing in speakers like Robbie George from Princeton and Al Mohler from Southern Seminary, hundreds of schools with tens of thousands of students, and produces between 5000 and 6000 graduates per year. However, it is still comparatively new, and the major challenge is sustainability in rapid growth. Everything hangs upon faculty who know the content, are trained to teach socratically through a dialectic of questions and discussions, and are theologically grounded in Reformed and Evangelical theology. Where will they come from as these schools continue to grow explosively?
This is why Dr. Macarthur asked Dr. Grant Horner of the Master’s University to design and lead a new degree program in the Classical Liberal Arts—the first of its kind in the United States. While there are classics and Great Books programs at both secular and Christian universities, as well as various teacher education departments, there are no programs dedicated solely to training future teachers in socratic pedagogy, classical content, and Biblical theology—a program designed to train the next generation of game-changing teachers for the Classical Education movement.
Professor Horner is already a nationally recognized leader in the CCE movement. He is a classical scholar, a National Alcuin Fellow with the , and the newly appointed head of the Alcuin West Fellowship (the think tank leading the intellectual work of the CCE movement). He has worked with and trained faculty at dozens of CCE schools and has been a speaker at both ACCS and SCL conferences regionally and nationally. His PhD work was in Renaissance and Reformation Culture, and he specializes in studying the ways that Renaissance cultural works intersect with Reformation theology. He is also the founder and Director of ݮӰ in Italy program. He was instrumental in starting the Rhetoric School at Trinity Classical Academy in Santa Clarita, California, which has become one of the largest CCE schools in the US.
It is explicitly designed to train students in both the content and pedagogy of the classical liberal arts to prepare them for teaching positions in the rapidly growing Classical Christian Education movement and/or pursuing graduate work in the Humanities. Students are trained in the content of the Western Classical heritage beginning with Greece and Rome, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, and the Enlightenment, and continuing to the present day in history, literature, art, philosophy, and theology. This is augmented with continual training in Socratic pedagogy, providing intensive practice in leading rich and invigorating discussions instead of lecturing on an academic topic. Students study the classical languages and master the classical arts of Grammar, Logic, and Rhetoric while pursuing the studia humanitatis (‘study of the human things)’ through a fully articulated theological framework like Medieval and Renaissance universities, the Geneva Academy started by John Calvin in 1559, and the church schools envisioned by Martin Luther.
Dr. Macarthur and Dr. Horner, this year’s opening and closing plenary speakers, will officially announce this new program at the ACCS National Conference in Dallas on June 20-23.
To learn more about the ACCS Conference, click . To learn more about CCE, see this brief .
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